linguapress
Linguapress Advanced level English
Advanced level reading resources Intermediate reading resources English grammar online Language games and puzzles
Linguapress - Advanced English
linguapress


Advanced level English - USA

Advanced EFL / ESL  reading resource  

This document, with exercises and answers, is included in the new Background to Modern America,  a collection of B2+ / C1 advanced English reading texts, available from Amazon worldwide and leading bookstores, including Barnes & Noble and Waterstones.

WITH AUDIO. : Click to open/close audio player then hit the ► play button

Log Cabins and the White House    

Log cabinA reproduction of the kind of one-room log-cabin in which President Abraham Lincoln was born - at the Lincoln birthplace national historic site. The original cabin disappeared centuries ago.
         Bill Clinton's father - a man the former president never knew - was a truck driver who gave his son nothing but his nationality and his family name. Bill spent his early years in a small wooden one-story house in the small town of Hope, Arkansas, the kind of house in which millions of ordinary working class Americans still live. In a sense, it is the nearest one can get today to the fabled "log cabin" in which so many American heroes are reputed to have been brought up.
    Among other recent presidents, both Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan, but not Donald Trump nor George W Bush,  were men who made their way up to the presidency from fairly simple origins. Reagan became known first as a minor Hollywood star; his screen image, as a tough cowboy, at home in the saddle and in log cabins, undoubtedly helped him in his original struggle for the Republican nomination and the presidency.
    Since the start of the nineteenth century, candidates for the American presidency have taken pride in demonstrating the humble roots from which they have come; the image of the "log cabin" became symbolic of humble proletarian origins, at a time when the United States were beginning to move west and occupy new territory, and home-built log cabins were the only form of housing available for the pioneering homesteaders.

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln.
    Yet the only American president who could truthfully claim to have been born in a log cabin was Abraham Lincoln, who was born in just such a building on a farm in Hardin County, Kentucky. 
    The story of Abraham Lincoln's childhood is one of the great classics of the American Dream; Lincoln spent his childhood years in a variety of log cabins, as his father moved from place to place, advancing slowly westwards. In the winter of 1816-17, the Lincolns lived in a "half-faced camp", a log cabin which was totally open on one side, in an "unbroken forest" in the heart of almost uninhabited Indiana.

    While quite a few other American presidents have come up from humble roots, some others whose roots were somewhat more privileged have willingly disguised the fact.
    The classic example was William Harrison, who was elected president in 1840. Harrison campaigned for the presidency using a specially-written theme tune called the Log Cabin March; indeed, his whole campaign was won with the slogan "log cabin and hard cider".... but the tune and slogan were just marketing gambits, neither of which had anything to do with reality! Harrison was actually a man  with whom  few Americans had much affinity, since he was a prosperous Virginia landowner,  whose  father was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.
    Ironically, Harrison's attempts to portray himself as a tough man of the people got him nowhere; standing with neither hat nor coat during his inauguration ceremony on a bitter winter's day in 1841, he caught pneumonia and died a month later.
    In more recent times, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic president from 1977 to 1981, was also portrayed as a "country boy", and was popularly known as the peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia. The fact that he was actually the owner of a very large and prosperous farm and a string of family businesses, rather than a simple homesteader, was often conveniently forgotten by those who wanted the president to seem like a simple man with simple roots.
    Then in the year 2000, the man who was chosen as the 43rd American president was not someone who had come from nowhere and made it to the top by his own skills and determination, but a man from a very privileged background. George Bush Jr. came from an illustrious family background, being the son of President George Bush Sr., and grandson of a US senator..... which is the US equivalent of royalty.

    Naturally, there are many people in America who yearn nostalgically for a return to old ways; but  in today's mediatized world, where image is everything, and money buys the time and the TV and social media ads without which images cannot be built, it is hard to imagine the clock being put back. Besides, although many poor Americans still live in small wooden houses, few of those who do go on to become politicians. The age of the log-cabin-raised president is definitely over. 
    




WORDS:

bitter: very cold - convenient: useful - gambit: strategy - homesteader: person establishing a new home or firm in new virgin territory - log: cut trunk or large branch of a tree -   saddle: seat on the back of a horse - skills: abilities - string: chain, group - take pride in: be proud of - theme tune: anthem - willingly: happily - yearn: hope.




Copyright ©  Linguapress renewed 2023.  Do not copy this document to any other website
Copying permitted for personal study, or by teachers for use with their students


 

WORKSHEET - print or use online


Log cabins and the White House


Words and endings -

Complete the missing endings where necessary in these extracts from the article: take care, some endings are grammatical, others just test your spelling or your vocabulary.
:
Since the start of the ninet century, candidates for the American presid have tak pride in demons their humble roots; the image of the "log cabin" became symb of humble prolet origins, at a time when the United States were begi to move west and occup new terr and home-buil log cabins were the only form of hous avail for the pionee homestead.
    The story of Abraham Lincoln's child is one of the great classics of the American Dream; Lincoln spen his child years in a vari of log cabins, as his father moved from place to place, advan slowly west In the winter of 1816-17, the Lincolns lived in a "half-faced camp", a log cabin which was tota open on one side, in an "unbr forest" in the heart of almost uninh Indiana.

   

Relative pronouns and adjectives

Choose the correct relative pronouns and adjectives or pronoun phrases where required in these extracts from the article

 The classic example was William Harrison,  was elected president in 1840. Harrison campaigned for the presidency using a specially-written theme tune called the Log Cabin March; indeed, his whole campaign was won with the slogan "log cabin and hard cider".... but the tune and slogan were just marketing gambits,  had anything to do with reality! Harrison was actually a man   few Americans had much affinity, since he was a prosperous Virginia landowner,   father was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.

Then in the year 2000, the man   was chosen as the 43rd American president was not someone   had come from nowhere and made it to the top by his own skills and determination, but a man from a very privileged background. George Bush Jr. came from an illustrious family background, being the son of President George Bush Sr., and grandson of a US senator.....   is the US equivalent of royalty.

    Naturally, there are many people in America  yearn nostalgically for a return to old ways; but in today's mediatized world,   image is everything, and money buys the time and the TV and social media ads  images cannot be built, it is hard to imagine the clock being put back. Besides, although many poor Americans still live in small wooden houses, few of  do go on to become politicians. The age of the log-cabin-raised president is definitely over.




Ideas for teachers :

Expression:
After students have read this article, ask them to talk (or write) about each of the seven presidents mentioned in the article, or to choose one of the presidents mentioned, and write a paragraph about him - if necessary using information from the Internet.

Language points :

Points to watch in this article include notably relative clauses particularly those introduced by a preposition (in which...) or by those (those who...) . Note the uses of neither and both. Also note two common idioms, to be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth, and to put the clock back.  Can students suggest what these expressions mean ?

Relative  pronouns and adjectives

This article contains in all over twenty examples of relative pronouns or adjectives, covering a variety of forms: who, whom, whose, which, preposition+which, and the nominal relative pronouns where and when..  Note the collocations that appear in the multiple choice exercise -  neither of which and  those who.
For a clear explanation of the use of relative pronouns and adjectives, and nominal relative pronouns, see A Descriptive Grammar of English section 2.4.3..



© linguapress.com

Return to Linguapress home page



Page READY TO PRINT


Linguapress.com
Advanced level English resource

Level - Difficult
CEFR  LEVEL :  C1
IELTS Level :  6.5 - 8
Flesch-Kincaid  scores
Reading ease level:
46 - Difficult

Grade level: 13.7


A selection of other resources in graded English
from Linguapress
Selected pages
Advanced level reading : a selection
Who killed Martin Luther King?
USA - America's Amish
London's Notting Hill Carnival
Days in the death of Francis X
Mississippi Music
Advanced level short stories:
Blue Gum Tree
Lucky Jim
And lots more:  More advanced reading texts  
Intermediate resources :
Mystery - the Titanic and the Temple of Doom
Who is James Bond ?
Sport: Sports, American style
Big red London buses
USA: Who was Buffalo Bill?
USA: Close encounters with a Twister  
And more:  More intermediate reading texts  
Selected grammar pages
Online English grammar
Nouns in English
Word order in English
Reported questions in English
Miscellaneous
Language and style 
Themed crosswords for EFL
The short story of English







CopyrightCopyright information.
Free to view, free to share,  free to use in class, free to print, but not free to copy..
If you like this page and want to share it with others,  just share a link, don't copy.


Fully updated 2020 from an article originally published in 2000 in Spectrum, the advanced level English newsmagazine.
All articles published on this website remain the copyright © of Linguapress.com and/or their individual authors.
Reproduction is authorised exclusively for use by students for personal use, or for teachers for use in class

Multi-copying of this resource is permitted for classroom use. In schools declaring the source of copied materials to a national copyright agency, Linguapress advanced level resources should be attributed to "Spectrum" as the source and "Linguapresss France" as the publisher.




Linguapress respects your privacy and does not collect personal data. We use cookies only to log anonymous visitor stats and enable essential page functions; click   to remove this message, otherwise click for more details